Covalent Bonding and Hydrocarbons
chapter 8: covalent bonding
A covalent bond is formed between two atoms when an electron is shared as opposed to lost. Overall, this makes each of the atoms involved more stable. There are specific rules that are used when naming binary molecular compounds, binary acids, and oxyacids. Structural formulas show the relative positions of atoms within a molecule, such as acetic acid: C2H4O2 is the empirical formula but CH3COOH is more structurally accurate. The VSEPR model is used to determine molecular shape due to chemical bonds. A chemical bond's character is related to each atom's attraction for the electrons in the bond.
chapter 21: hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbon is a carbon-containing organic compound that provides a source of energy and raw materials. Hydrocarbons fit into subgroups depending upon the type of covalent bonds that exist between atoms. Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds, alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond, while alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one triple bond. Some hydrocarbons have the same molecular formula but have different molecular structures: this is known as an isomer. Aromatic hydrocarbons are unusually stable compounds with ring structures in which electrons are shared by many atoms.
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